Back in May, we noticed that Nelson Cruz was blistering the baseball in the PCL and deserved another shot in the major leagues. The Rangers didn’t have any problems scoring runs, though, so Cruz stayed in Triple-A for most of the season, only finally getting back to Texas on August 25th.

He’s doing his best to show the world that he really should have been up months ago. In 46 at-bats since his return, Cruz is hitting .326/.404/.609, showing that his monstrous performance in Oklahoma wasn’t a fluke. He’s always been able to hit a fastball a long way, but with his more selective approach at the plate, Cruz is a bonafide major league hitter.

Despite the solid performances from Marlon Byrd, David Murphy, and Brandon Boggs, not to mention that Hamilton kid, the Rangers need to find room for Cruz in their line-up. Yes, Texas’ offense is already awesome, but sometimes the easiest way to improve a ballclub is not to address the glaring weakness - there’s not a cap on runs scored, and having Cruz’s bat in the line-up will help make up for the fact that they still can’t pitch and his teammates can’t field.

It looks like Cruz is going to play pretty much everyday the rest of the year, and hopefully, Texas will realize that their best line-up going forward has Nelson Cruz in it everyday.

We can rationally tell ourselves that small sample sizes have to be taken with caution (and they do), but no matter how much we believe that to be true, they will still affect us. It’s a byproduct of a psychological bias known as anchoring and for the most part it’s extremely difficult to avoid falling victim to. The aspect of anchoring (or focalism as it’s also known) that we must be aware of for baseball purposes is sometimes referred to as the adjustment problem. In a nutshell, the adjustment problem is when you are asked to make a value judgment on something. Almost without fail, your brain will go back to some previously heard value and adjust from there. Basically, it’s letting an extremely (and sometimes completely irrelevant) small sample hold a sway over your perception and it’s tough to avoid.

What I am specifically getting at is performances in April and how they influence opinions of players for the rest of the year. A hot start in April establishes a baselines of performance at a high level and probably gets mentioned a lot in the media. From that point forward, no matter how well that player performs, unless you are intimately familiar with the player’s performance, your first instinct is to go back to those numbers you were hearing about in April and adjust from there. This is similarly true for cold starts. All that’s needed is for the performance to be extreme enough to get mentioned and for you to not pay that much attention to the player at other times. Need a few examples?

These aren’t going to apply for everyone, we don’t all have the same strength of bias and like I mentioned above, if you happen to follow a player day to day whether because he’s on your favorite team or rival team or fantasy team or whatever then you will not be as susceptible to the adjustment because your brain has many more data points stored away. The key is not having heard or seen a player’s stat line for awhile. For American League fans, quick, how has Miguel Tejada and Carlos Delgado’s season gone? Think of their line in your head right now. Now go click on those links and see how you did?

Most of you, if you qualify above, would have over-estimated Miguel Tejada’s line and under-estimated Carlos Delgado’s. Tejada got off to a fast start in Houston and made some news as they flirted with contention and since Tejada had come over via trade and posted a near 1.000 OPS in April. But since May 4th, Tejada has posted just a .263/.295/.367 line. Delgado has been the opposite. He sat at a meager .532 OPS on April 27th and was subject to some stories about how the hope for a bounce back from his previous year’s struggles were not to be. All Delgado has done since then is hit .274/.360/.542 and he’s now up to a .840 OPS on the year and making a case for his option to be picked up by the Mets.

A last one, this time for the National League folks. How’s Jacoby Ellsbury doing? He was in the news a lot this spring for his fast start to the year paired with the Red Sox defending title and his memorable October. Through Ellsbury’s first 28 games this season he had an .857 OPS and an impressive 17 walks to just nine strikeouts. But since then, Ellsbury is hitting just .258/.304/.347 with 66 strikeouts to just 22 walks and his season OPS is now under .700.

Beware those early numbers.

I was watching a game recently when the broadcasters began a discussion of possible American League MVP candidates and Dustin Pedroia’s name was brought up in a serious manner. I was a little floored by the notion. Do not get me wrong, Pedroia is a fine player and a great asset to the Red Sox, but MVP? No. There are several factors as to why not.

First, and this is a giant one, park factors. Fenway Park is a playground for right-handed pull hitters ramping up the amount of singles and doubles hitters get because of the green monster. Guess what Pedroia is? In fact, it is such a huge influence that Pedroia’s park-adjusted wOBA is a whopping 11 points below his un-adjusted number.

Secondly, there is defensive position to consider. Yes, Pedroia plays second base, a tough position to play, but as Tango’s positional adjustments show, second base is behind catcher, shortstop, centerfield and is tied with (and this is important) third base.

Finally, we have the actual offensive production. Pedroia is good, yes I admit as much and his play at second base only helps, but there are just far better candidates for the MVP when you consider everything listed above. Joe Mauer has been better with the bat, plays a much tougher position and even works better under the whole “valuable, not best” argument because without Mauer there’s no way the Twins are in the playoff hunt while without Pedroia, the Red Sox are still very good. Not to mention that Joe Mauer is tops in the AL in WPA. Staying in the Central division, Grady Sizemore and Curtis Granderson are two excellent centerfielders who both have been more valuable with the bat and glove than Pedroia.

Pedroia ranks 18th in the AL in WPA/LI and it’s in that list that we find yet another worthy candidate who seems to be going overlooked, Alex Rodriguez. Rodriguez plays a credible third base so he gets the same defensive credit as Pedroia, but his bat just dominates everyone in the AL. Again going by wOBA, Rodriguez has been worth over five more runs than any other player has and most of the ones near him are DHs or corner outfielders. For best hitter in the AL this season so far, it comes down to one choice, Alex Rodriguez.

This off-season, the free agent starting pitching market was not much to get excited about. Guys like Carlos Silva were given, well, ludicrous deals that mostly everyone criticized. One of the starting pitchers I expected to get a similar deal was Kyle Lohse. Things did not exactly work out that way, as Lohse’s asking price steadily declined. The Cardinals eventually signed Lohse to a 1-yr, 4 million dollar deal, that is making them look like geniuses right now.

In 30 starts, Lohse has arguably been their staff ace, producing a 3.76 ERA supported by a 3.85 FIP. His 5.24 K/9 is on the lower end of his career numbers, however a decrease in his walk rate from the last few years has resulted in a very respectable 2.41 K/BB ratio. He gets hit around a bit, but you could do much worse than a 1.29 WHIP. Couple that with an above average 73.6% strand rate, and more often than not, a successful pitcher will surface.

Is his performance surprising? Yes, but there were some telltale signs that he might actually be improving. Since 2004, his K/BB has essentially risen each year, while his HR/9 has decreased. Right now, his HR/9 of 0.79 is by far the lowest it has ever been. One potential reason for this change is his GB/FB, which, at 1.47, is higher than any rate he has posted. Additionally, he is using his fastball much more this year, cutting back on his changeups.

Lohse was pretty much the definition of a league average pitcher coming into the season, and while he may not have gotten the long-term, big-money deal he sought prior to this year, a WPA/LI of 1.70 that still has room to grow should get him something a bit more lucrative this off-season.

Tonight, the most important series of the 2008 season kicks off - the Los Angeles Dodgers host the Arizona Diamondbacks for a weekend set that will go a long way in determining who will win the NL West. With just 1.5 half games separating the two, the Diamondbacks lead certainly isn’t safe, and a series win would be huge for both clubs.

Now, generally, a September matchup of two teams fighting for one playoff spot is exciting enough, but this series provides a little extra boost - just take a look at these pitching matchups.

Friday night: Dan Haren (2.98 FIP) vs Lowe (3.34 FIP)
Saturday afternoon: Brandon Webb (3.18 FIP) vs Chad Billingsley (3.13 FIP)
Sunday afternoon: Randy Johnson (3.84 FIp) vs Clayton Kershaw (4.24 FIP)

In the opener, the guy with the second lowest FIP in the NL goes up against the guy with the sixth lowest FIP. Haren and Lowe both have excellent command, while Haren misses a few more bats and Lowe gets a few more groundballs. Both are legitimate frontline starting pitchers - there’s no real advantage for either club.

Game two features Cy Young winner Webb against Billingsley, one of the game’s emerging aces. Webb pitches to contact and throws more strikes, but Billingsley’s stuff is a bit more electric and allows him to be among the league leaders in strikeouts. Webb’s last few starts haven’t been good, however, and there’s questions about how healthy his arm is - due to that question mark, the Dodgers might have a slight advantage in game two.

The rubber match on Sunday is a classic “passing of the torch” type of ballgame, as the best left-handed pitcher of our generation faces off with one of the best young southpaws we’ve seen in a long time. The Big Unit is still going strong, even though he turns 45 next week, while Kershaw is beginning to find the form that made scouts so excited about his future in the minors. Johnson’s not the flamethrower he was, so Kershaw will be the one lighting up radar guns on Sunday, but the difference in command makes Johnson a better pitcher right now. Kershaw’s certainly got the talent to throw a gem, however, so even if Arizona has an edge, the Dodgers can certainly steal the going away game.

If Arizona can pull of a sweep, they’ll probably nail the coffin shut. However, with the arms that the Dodgers are sending to the hill, D’Backs fans shouldn’t be counting on picking up three wins this weekend. A 2-1 series win for one of the two teams is the most likely outcome. Arizona would put themselves in a strong position to win the division if they take the series, but LA can make it a coin-toss if they can pick up two wins.

No matter who you’re a fan of, this should be highly entertaining baseball this weekend.

The Cincinnati Reds have two middle infielders headed to the annual Arizona Fall League that have an opportunity to contribute to the major league club, and they also represent good value as former third round and seventh round draft picks.

Chris Valaika, who was signed out of Cal State Fullerton University, had a successful beginning to his 2008 season when he hit .363/.393/.585 in 135 High-A at-bats, with seven homers. He was then promoted to Double-A, where he posted a line of .301/.352/.443 with 11 homers in 379 at-bats. Valaika is not a power hitter but he could be good for 10-15 homers at the major league level, while playing a passable shortstop. His lack of patience has haunted him throughout his pro career and he walked just 35 times in 514 at-bats this season. The right-handed batter handled Double-A southpaws with ease and posted a line of .343/.385/.565 in 108 at-bats.

Justin Turner followed a similar path to Valaika this season. Turner began in High-A ball and hit .316/.384/.390 in 136 at-bats. The infielder, who relies more on small ball than a power stroke, then hit .289/.359/.432 in 280 Double-A at-bats with eight homers to go along with 33 walks and 54 strikeouts. Turner, a right-handed batter, should be valuable coming off the bench for the Reds after hitting .372/.423/.535 against southpaws in Double-A (86 at-bats). The soon-to-be 24-year-old should begin 2009 in Triple-A and could appear in Cincinnati before mid-season.

Valaika and Turner likely won’t unseat incumbents Brandon Phillips and Alex Gonzalez in 2009, but they could give some fringe major league veterans a run for their money, like Jolbert Cabrera, Jerry Hairston, and Andy Phillips.

Back towards the beginning of the year, over at Statistically Speaking, I posted twenty questions ranging in difficulty as a fun little break. The third question—Who is the only player to hit two grand slams in the same inning and off whom did he hit them?—can be answered with the names Fernando Tatis and Chan Ho Park. Tatis mashed two grand slams off of Park back in April, 1999. With their careers seemingly over, both players had become answers to that question as opposed to players teams rely on or employ.

After several injury-plagued years with the Cardinals and Expos, Tatis returned home to the Dominican Republic to spend time with his family. He did not play baseball in 2004 or 2005, save for some spring training with the then Devil Rays in 2004. The desire to build a church in his hometown of San Pedro de Macoris prompted his return to baseball. He appeared in 28 games for the Orioles in 2006, producing an .813 OPS in limited action.

Last season, he signed a minor league deal with the Mets and spent the entire year on their AAA squad. One of his teammates was none other than Chan Ho Park, also looking to get his career back in order, albeit under different circumstances. Tatis was out of baseball and Park, well, ought to have been. Park ended up making one mostly terrible start for the Mets while Tatis awaited his chance. Meanwhile, the church he had been saving money to build was built while he played in the minors.

This year, Park returned “home” to Los Angeles, going back to where his career began. Though his controllable skills are nothing to write home about—a 4.56 FIP—his ERA is a mere 3.05 and he has been very effective out of the Dodgers bullpen. Tatis finally got his callup thanks to injuries to both Moises Alou and Ryan Church. He has not disappointed either. In just 83 games, Tatis is hitting .291/.360/.482, with 11 home runs.

His knack for timely hitting has resulted in a 2.34 WPA, which, even in just half of a season, outranks Nick Markakis, Kevin Youkilis, and Jason Giambi. Now, his WPA/LI is 0.57, much lower than the standard win probability metric suggests, which portends much clutch hitting. Park has been the same way, as his 0.75 WPA exceeds his -0.14 WPA/LI. However, as we mentioned yesterday, WPA isn’t a bad stat to use when looking at relievers, since the situations in which they pitch are usually so crucial.

Tatis has spent most of his time in the outfield, where he is a +3 defender in LF and a -2 in RF. Basically, he is an average fielder with an above average hitting line. If this was some youngster called up from AAA, we would likely be praising him, but because of the name recognition and the semblance of shock that Tatis is still playing baseball, that wow factor does not seem to exist as much. Something we can wow at, however, is that Park has somehow increased his fastball velocity from 88.4-88.5 mph in recent years to just about 93 mph this year. It’s normal for players to fluctuate within maybe 0.3-0.5 mph from one year to the next, but 4.5-5 mph?

Tatis and Park might no longer be the versions of themselves from the mid-90’s, but the 2008 editions have been quite productive.

Last night I brought up the subject of under appreciated hitters and am going to continue it tonight with Aubrey Huff in Baltimore.

Drafted by Tampa in the 5th round of the 1998 draft, Huff reached the majors in a scant two seasons and after a rough go of it for the first couple seasons, established himself as an offensive force in 2002 as a sometimes outfielder, sometimes third baseman. Over the next few years as he stuck with Tampa, and Tampa was still poorly run and bad, Aubrey Huff consistently came up in trade talks each summer only to stay put. Finally, in his last year of team control, Huff was dealt off at the deadline to the Astros for Ben Zobrist and Mitch Talbot. Huff would spend a few months with Houston hitting a little over league average and then depart for Baltimore at age 30 on a three-year, $20 million contract.

A shift to primarily being the DH last season seemed to do nothing to hold off Huff’s gradual decline, which makes 2008 all the more surprising. Huff isn’t really doing better at drawing walks as the slight up tick in his walk rate is due to an increase in the amount of intentional walks he receiving. His batted ball profile shows no departure from his norm either. No, Aubrey Huff has seemingly just re-learned how to hit home runs.

Is he hitting the ball harder? To look for an indication of that, I turned to his Hit Tracker numbers, but comparing 2007 to 2008 (and even comparing prior years as well) shows no significant difference in the average distance or average speed of his home runs. It could be that Huff is hitting the ball harder and thus some of what would have been doubles are now just creeping over the fence and keeping his averages low, but I’d still expect to see some higher numbers at the peak and he doesn’t have any home runs under 350 true feet this season.

What does all this add up to? I’m not sure, but given Huff’s age and track record, I am not overly confident that Huff will maintain this level into 2009 and beyond. However, his performance this year and one year left on his contract could make him a valuable trade target this winter if Baltimore concludes that their chances of overcoming Boston and Tampa next season are not high enough to warrant holding on to veteran players.

Quick, name the top two relievers in terms of WPA/LI… no, it isn’t Francisco Rodriguez. Not Brad Lidge, either. Brad Ziegler is a good guess, but sadly, no, he is not in the top two. If you said Mariano Rivera, kudos, because you’re getting warmer, but he comes in at spot number three. The top two relievers this year have been Hong-Chih Kuo of the Dodgers and Scott Downs of the Blue Jays. How many of you honestly guessed them? And, for the record, a guess does not involve hovering over the leaders tab, clicking ‘majors’, clicking ‘win probability’, clicking ‘relievers’, and then sorting by WPA/LI.

Kuo, a Dodgers lefty, leads all of baseball with a 2.35 WPA/LI, which basically means he has been worth almost two and a half wins more than an average relief pitcher. Downs, a Toronto lefty, has a 2.19 WPA/LI, close to Kuo, but still distanced by a good margin. To further clarify, Lidge ranks 13th at 1.36, Ziegler 17th at 1.34, and K-Rod 34th at 0.99.

While both pitchers have some statistical similarities, it seems they are getting their jobs done in different ways. Kuo has pitched in 40 games, three of which were starts, amassing 78.1 innings. He has allowed just 55 hits, only four of which left the yard. Additionally, his very low walk-rate—19 total in his 78.1 innings—has combined with the lack of hits to produce a 0.94 WHIP. He also strikes out a ton of hitters to the tune of 94 total and a 10.80 K/9.

Essentially, Kuo barely allows balls to leave the yard, barely allows baserunners, and strikes out many. Yep, I would say that is a formula for a tremendous relief pitcher. On the year, his 2.07 ERA is largely supported by a 2.20 FIP. His 79.8% LOB is great but not earth-shattering and is definitely sustainable, as we have seen elite relievers sustain very high strand rates. Kuo, who throws his 93 mph fastball over 80% of the time, is also more of a groundball pitcher, evidenced by his 1.48 GB/FB.

Downs, however, is MUCH more of a groundball pitcher. In his 61 appearances and 66 innings, just 11.9% of balls in play have been line drives, with 65% being hit on the ground. His GB/FB comes in at 2.88, almost double the rate of Kuo. Downs has surrendered just 47 hits, only two of which are home runs, but his walk and strikeout rates are not as dominant as Kuo’s. With 23 walks and 56 strikeouts, his 1.23 ERA vastly outdoes his 3.02 FIP.

Downs’ WHIP is higher as well, at 1.06, however he has stranded 89.9% of the runners that reach base; even though he allows more, he has stranded a much higher percentage than Kuo. I have heard and read Blue Jays fans hoping he could become a starter, but to do that he will really need to develop another pitch. At this juncture, he literally seems to use only a fastball and curveball, as both have accounted for just about 97% of his deliveries.

Kuo definitely seems to have the more sustainable and talent-driven line, but that should not take anything away from Downs’ effectiveness in relief this year. Both have been outstanding, and neither seem to garner the publicity they are due. Relievers are a fickle bunch, so who knows if they will be anywhere near the answer to this same question next year, but they have been rocks for their respective teams this season.

With the Indians falling out of the race early and trading Sabathia during the summer, there hasn’t been much focus on Cleveland during the second half of the season. Even when they won 10 games in a row, the general response across baseball was to yawn. So, it’s not that surprising that one of the hottest hitters in the American League is tearing the cover off the ball at Jacobs Field and no one is noticing.

What Shin-Soo Choo has done the last month deserves attention, though. He leads all major leaguers in WPA (2.21) over the last 30 days, thanks to a .376/.459/.706 showing over his last 85 at-bats. He’s racked up 17 extra base hits and 10 walks in the time frame, so it’s just a singles driven hot streak. Even his non-leveraged WPA/LI of 1.48 is among the best in the league. Choo’s just killing the ball right now.

Choo missed the first couple months of 2008 recovering from Tommy John surgery, and his inability to stay healthy on a consistent basis left him on the fringes of Cleveland’s outfield plans for the future. This performance, though, has thrust him right back into the spotlight, and barring another injury, you have to imagine he’ll go into 2009 with an inside track on a starting job in the Cleveland OF. Just 25 years of age, he’s showing both the patience and power that teased scouts when he was coming through the Mariners system. His strikeout rate remains high and he still can’t hit left-handed pitching, but he does enough other things to compensate for those flaws, even if he’s not quite this good.

His up-to-date Marcel projection has him as a .266/.355/.440 hitter going forward, though Marcel doesn’t know anything about his minor league career, and would likely be a bit more optimistic if it did. Even if he doesn’t take any more steps forward, an .800 OPS from a left-handed hitting corner OF is nothing to sneeze at, and there’s obviously room for a bit more growth over the next couple of years.

Meanwhile, Ben Broussard is basically out of baseball. I’d say that trade worked out fairly well for Cleveland.